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篇一：tn901说明书
TN9 红外温度计模块 用户手册
目录
1 概述 .....................................................................................................................................................................................3 版本 2004.7 .........................................................................................................................................................................3
2 理论基础 .............................................................................................................................................................................4
2.1 工作原理 .......................................................................................................................................................................4
2.2 特点 ...............................................................................................................................................................................5
2.3 视场 ...............................................................................................................................................................................6
2.4 发射率 ...........................................................................................................................................................................7
3 规格 .....................................................................................................................................................................................7
3.1 极限值 ...........................................................................................................................................................................7
3.2 直流参数 1 ...................................................................................................................................................................7
3.3 测试规范 .......................................................................................................................................................................9
3.4 TN0; TN9引脚排列 ....................................................................................................................................................10
4 串行输出 ...........................................................................................................................................................................11
4.1 框图 .............................................................................................................................................................................11
4.2 SPI时序 .......................................................................................................................................................................12
4.2.1 信息格式 .............................................................................................................................................................13
4.2.2 例子 .....................................................................................................................................................................13
4.2.3 怎么样修改发射率? (怎么样修改发射率数据到 EEPROM) ..........................................................................14
5 接口演示板: HUB-D ........................................................................................................................................................15
6 PC接口程序 ......................................................................................................................................................................16
1 概述
本文描述了TNm (TN0; TN9)系列产品的使用方法。
版本 2005.3
版权:
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Limited Warranty:
This data sheet contains information specific to products manufactured at the time of its publication, Contents herein do not constitute a warranty.
Trademark Acknowledgements:
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
2 理论基础
2.1 工作原理
Fig 1. the Infrared Radiation Spectreum
Infrared, just like any light ray, is an Electromagnetic Radiation, with lower frequency (or longer wavelength) than visual light. Anything above absolute zero (-273.15 degrees Celsius or 0 degrees Kelvin), radiates in the infrared. Even ice cube, snow, your refrigerator emit infrared.
The Stefan-Boltzmann Law, where the total radiation energy is proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature and Wien Displacement Law, the product of the peak wavelength and the temperature is found to be a constant, are implemented in the TNm infrared thermometer module. The infrared radiation of measure target is collected by a infrared mirror through a IR filter of 5 or 8um cut in frequency to the infrared thermopile detector. The detector signal will be amplified and digitalize by the low noise and high linearity OP and AD convertor. The ambient temperature sensor( usually included in the same package as the thermopile detector ) is set in the space near the optical system to detect the fast change of the ambient temperature. The signal processing section receives the signals from these temperature sensors to calculate the target surface temperature by a mathematical algorithm.
2.2 特点
TNm 红外温度计模块采用高灵敏度、高精度、的功耗的设计，保证了采用的优良特性。 ? MEMS 热电堆可以准确的测量出环境温度，采用温度补偿技术在TNm红外温度计模块
上。
? ZyTemp 开发出独有的集成了所有硬件的集成电路的组成了红外片上系统。应用该创造
性的红外片上系统（SoC）技术，TNm红外温度模块具有很高的集成度和性价比。 ? ZyTemp's 的产品可以承受10℃的热冲击。我们的产品擅长在宽范围温度变化环境中保
持精度。例如：传统的红外测温仪温度变化带来的误差达到1.6℃，需要30分钟的稳定时间；而ZyTemp's TNm 产品误差仅仅是0.7 ℃，仅需要7分钟的稳定时间.
? TNm 产品只需要3伏电源供电，而多数其他红外温度计需要9伏电压供电
? ZyTemp 保证温度标准溯源倒NIST或者国际测量实验室. 所有的 TNm 产品经过溯源
的红外温度标准源校准，校准的数据和产品的序列号保存在模块上EEPROM内。
篇二：Demotivation-影响及结果
Demotivation: Affective states and learning outcomes
Joseph Falout,
a, , James Elwood, and Michael Hood, Nihon University, College of Science and Technology, 7-24-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8501, Japan
bTsukuba University, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukaba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
Nihon University, College of Commerce, 5-2-1 Kinuta, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8570, c
Japan
Available online 23 June 2009. Abstract
Demotivation can negatively influence the learner’s attitudes and behaviors, degrade classroom group dynamics and teacher’s motivation, and result in long-term and widespread negative learning outcomes. 900 university EFL learners were surveyed to investigate the demotivating factors in learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in Japan, and the relationship between past demotivating experiences and present proficiencies. Affective states and capacity to self-regulate learning were compared among learners with varying academic interests, experiences, and proficiencies. Demotivating factors were grouped into three categories: external conditions of the learning environment, internal conditions of the learner, and reactive behaviors to demotivating experiences. Internal and reactive factors were shown to correlate with long-term EFL learning outcomes. Findings from this study indicated that beginning, less-proficient learners in non-English majors were least likely to control their affective states to cope with demotivating experiences. Finally, this paper discusses steps that might prevent or minimize demotivation and facilitate remotivation.
Keywords: Motivation; Demotivation; Remotivation; Self-regulation; Grammar-translation
1. Introduction
―Motivation to tackle assignments voluntarily and willingly is lacking,‖ responded 85% of the 362 deans surveyed at ninety-five national universities in Japan, accounting for the nationally-perceived drop in academic performance at the tertiary level (). In a follow-up survey of 33,432 learners from 335 public and private universities, the average respondent reported a lack in motivation to study across all academic subjects ().
Demotivated learners are a recurring topic in academic conferences and teachers’ rooms across Japan, particularly regarding the learning of English as a foreign language (EFL). Teachers recognize that motivation is co-regulated among all the people in the classroom. They realize how one highly motivated learner can positively influence the classroom experience and how one demotivated learner can have an opposite effect. Through the interpersonal processes of group dynamics, one subgroup
difference in the motivation of their learners through motivational practices ( and ). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the underlying processes involved in demotivation to help guide policymakers, administrators, and teachers toward preventing or minimizing its harmful effects on learning. 2. Literature review
Demotivation, as defined by , is a decrease or drop in level of motivation. It does not result from (a) distractions of a more attractive option, (b) a gradual loss of interest across a period of time, or (c) internal triggers. Demotivation starts from an external locus, a demotivating trigger, before it becomes an internalized process, and motivation must exist before there can be a subsequent decrease. Absence of any motivation is the state of amotivation, marked by passivity. Amotivated people feel a lack of competence or control over their external environments, a feeling of helplessness caused by lack of contingency between behaviors and outcomes (). They ―go through the motions with no sense of intending to do what they are doing‖ until they quit the activity ().
cataloged what learners perceived as causes of their demotivation in university classrooms in a variety of academic subjects. In comparing learner attributions of demotivation and motivation, they found that the absence of demotivators in the classroom—such as unenthusiastic teaching, dissatisfaction with grading, and boring subject—had a more positive influence on motivation than the presence of motivators such as an enthusiastic and inspiring teacher. The researchers concluded that teachers could promote learner motivation simply by preventing demotivation.
Second language (L2) researchers have sought to identify attributions of demotivation specific to L2 learning across wide contexts—learning English in Japan (), Hungary (), and Vietnam (), and learning French in Ireland ( and )—yet the results are
篇三：小镇畸人中的人物分析
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I wish to express my sincere thanks to lots of people who have contributed to this thesis. First, I should thank all the teachers of Foreign Language Department for their excellent and patient guidance during my study in Zaozhuang University. My sincere and deep appreciation also goes to my supervisor Ge Xiaoxia for her constant encouragement and valuable guidance for me. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and patient instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form.
Meanwhile, my thanks would go to my beloved family for their consideration and support all through these years. Without my parents’ patience and love, I can not endure the hardship and pain in my life.
Besides, I am grateful to all my fellow classmates and roommates for their help and care when I have difficulties in writing the thesis.
ABSTRACT
Anderson Sherwood (1876-1941) is one of the most influential American writers in the early twentieth century. He earns an important place in American literature for his famous short stories. Winesburg, Ohio is Anderson’s most successful and famous work that consists of twenty five interrelated but independent stories concerning townspeople termed by Anderson as “grotesques”.
This paper consists of five chapters. Chapter one introduces the author and the novel. Chapter two analyzes the images of the grotesque people who are painfully struggling in the plight of loneliness, frustration and repression. This analysis helps to understand their character and weird behaviors. Chapter three discusses the fundamental reasons of people’s grotesqueness. They are explored mainly from the external and internal aspects. Chapter four introduces the ways to salvation of grotesques. Although they are unacceptable by the common people, they do not thoroughly feel hopeless and they never give up their pursuit of understanding and love. Chapter five makes a conclusion of the thesis. The analysis of the grotesques helps to fully understand the novel and the social background. Through analyzing, the literature and social significance can also be well captured.
The early twentieth century sees a transitional period from an agricultural society to an industrial one. As a spokesman of this period, Anderson shows us the fate of the unknown grotesques with his keen observation. They long for love and freedom but used to isolate themselves. They have the most intense emotion and feeling but fail to express. The industrialized society and the flaws in their character bring them confusion. They begin to say strange words, do odd things, and finally become grotesques.
Key Words: Anderson Sherwood, Winesburg, Ohio, Grotesques
摘 要
舍伍德·安德森(1876-1941)是美国二十世纪初期最具影响力的作家之一。安德森卓越的短篇小说作品奠定他在美国文学史上重要地位。《小镇畸人》是安德森最成功也是最著名的一部作品。这部作品由二十五个互相关联又相对独立的故事组成，作品中的人物则是被安德森称为“畸人”的小镇居民。
本文主要有五部分，第一部介绍了作者及所处时代背景。第二部分是分析畸人形象，了解畸人的行为心理特征，他们行为言语怪异，心理扭曲，心情压抑、消沉。第三部分是分析畸人形成的原因，既有外在的社会原因又有内在的个人问题。第四部分是分析畸人的救赎之路。虽然他们不被常人所接纳，但他们始终对自己抱有希望，用实际行动进行对爱与理解的追求。第五部分是对论文做出总结。本论文对畸人进行分析，对于全面理解小说，深入了解作品创作的时代社会背景，以及作品的文学意义和社会意义有一定帮助。
二十世纪初的美国正经历从农业社会到工业社会的转变，作为社会转型时期的代言人，安德森以其敏锐的观察力向我们展示了不为所知的畸人的命运，他们渴望爱与自由却往往自我隔离，拥有最强烈的感情而疏于表达。这种自身性格方面的缺陷和对工业文明的无所适从，让他们困惑迷茫、言行怪异，最终成为时代的畸人。
关键词：舍伍德·安德森，《小镇畸人》， 畸人
《小镇畸人》人物分析
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... ii 摘 要 ............................................................................................................................................... iii CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................... iv
Chapter One Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Introduction of Anderson Sherwood and Winesburg, Ohio ............................................. 1
1.2 Literature Review of Winesburg, Ohio ............................................................................ 2
Chapter Two The Images of the Grotesques ................................................................................... 3
2.1 The Concept of Grotesque ................................................................................................ 3
2.2 The Lonely, Frustrated and Repressed Grotesques .......................................................... 4
2.2.1 Adolph Myers in “Hands” ......................................................................................... 4
2.2.2 Elizabeth Willards in “Mother” ................................................................................. 4
2.2.3 Jesse Bentley in “Godliness” ..................................................................................... 5
2.3 A special Grotesque ......................................................................................................... 5
Chapter Three The Reasons of the Formation of the Grotesques ................................................... 7
3.1 External Reasons .............................................................................................................. 7
3.2 Internal Reasons ............................................................................................................... 8
Chapter Four The Roads to Salvation of the Grotesques .............................................................. 10
4.1 Contacting with George Willard .................................................................................... 10
4.2 Running Away of George Willard ................................................................................. 11
Chapter Five Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 12
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 13
《小镇畸人》人物分析
Chapter One Introduction
1.1 Introduction of Anderson Sherwood and Winesburg, Ohio
Anderson Sherwood is an important figure in modern literature. His writing has deeply influenced many writers such as Hart Crane, Erskine Caldwell, Ernest Hemingway, Hey Miller, William Faulkner and Nathanael West. William Faulkner once said that he could only write simple poems and amateur stuff before he met Anderson. It’s Anderson that gave him inspiration and led him to a correct road of creation. In the magazine Paris Review, Faulkner declared Anderson’s stature, “He is the father of my generation of American writers and the tradition of American writing which our successors will carry on” (Malcolm, 1971).
Anderson was born in Clyde, Ohio, a small and poor town that was experiencing a transitional period from the old handicrafts to modern machines. The Increasing wealth and material production made people feel empty and repressive in psychology and the declining agriculture made numerous people feel more miserable. Due to poverty, in his early twenties, Anderson went to Chicago to make a living. Through many years’ hardworking, Anderson became a member of middle class. But wealth did not bring him true happiness. He determined to abandon his business and began literary creation that he liked. Special experience made him have a deeper understanding and interpretation of humanity. He paid attention to portraying human emotion, catching the momentary feelings of the figures, to revealing the personality of the characters and the mysteries hidden in their innermost. In 1919, Anderson Sherwood published Winesburg, Ohio, a short story cycle, in which Anderson well applied this writing style and this novel made him a great success.
Winesburg, Ohio is made up of 25 short stories and depicts 23 grotesques in the town Winesburg. These stories can be linked together. They have the same setting: an American Mid-western town and the same theme: loneliness, alienation and desire for communication. Meanwhile, each of the stories can also be seen as an independent biography of a grotesque. The deformed characters have different awkward appearances and odd behaviors. For example, Wing Biddlebaum in the story “Hands” was a fat old man with tangled hair. He always put his trembling hands in his pocket or behind his back because he could not control them. Almost every evening, he walked anxiously on the half rotten porch waiting for George. He expected George to come and converse with him. In “Paper Pill”, the character Reef was an old doctor with white mustache, big nose and big hands, staying in his empty clinic all day. Alice Hyndman
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