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篇一：高一英语知识点：that引导的定语从句的用法
高一英语知识点：that引导的定语从句的用法
关系代词that可以引导限定性定语从句，修饰代表人或事物的先行词，但不能用于引导非限定性定语从句。that可以充当从句的主语、宾语、表语。例如：
Thebagthatliesonthegroundishers.地上的那个包是她的。(关系代词that修饰bag的定语从句中充当主语)
TheoldmanthatIvisitedyesterdayismyteacher.我昨天拜访的那个老人是我的老师。(关系代词that在修饰man的定语从句中充当宾语)
在先行词是事物的限定性定语从句中，that和which一般可互换，但在下列情况下不可以互换：
1.只能用that，不能用which作先行词的情况
(1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。例如：
①That is all thatIknow.我知道的就这些。
②Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintown?你有什么东西要在城里买吗?
③Nothingthattheteacherdoesdoesn’tinfluencehisstudents.老师所做的事情没有不影响到学生的。
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。例如：
①ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasCities.我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。
②ThisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgamesthatIhaveeverseen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
③Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which。例如：
①Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。
②TheforeignvisitorsspokehighlyofthepioneersandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。
(4)关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时，通常只用that，不用which。例如：
①Heisnolongerthestarthathewas.他不再是过去的那位明星了。
②Ourschoolisnolongertheschoolthatitusedtobe.我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。
(5)句中其他位置已出现which，为避免重复，不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。例如：Whichisthecarthathasovertakenus?超过我们的是哪辆车?
2.只用which，不能用that作先行词的情况
(1)在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词+关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时，关系代词必须用which。例如：
①Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.我们住的房子非常大。
②Thisisthereferencebookofwhichtheteacherisspeaking.这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首，which就可换为that，例如：
Thisisthequestionwhich/thatwe’vehadsomuchdiscussionabout.=Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
(2)先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时，关系代词通常只用which而不用that。例如：
①Studentsshouldkeepinmindthoseregulationswhichrestricttheirbehavior.学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。
②Abookshopshoulddealwithavarietyofthosebestsellerswhicharenewlypublished.书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。
[考题1]All____isneededisasupplyofoil.(1989)
A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which
[答案]B
[解析]先行词是不定代词all，其限定性定语从句应由关系代词that引导，在该定语从句中充当主语。
考点72：who/whom引导的定语从句的用法
篇二：浅谈that在从句中的用法
浅谈that在从句中的用法
摘要：that在英语中是一个非常常见的单词，它之所以常见，不仅仅是因为它是一个在生活中常常要用到它，更因为它的用法相当的多。因此，同学们在使用that这个单词时，总会出现这样那样的问题，特别是that在从句中的使用,更是令同学们常常模棱两可，分辨不清。
关键词：that 用法 1.主语从句 2. 宾语从句 3. 表语从句 4.同位语从句 5. 目的状语从句 6.定语从句
that在英语中是一个非常常见的单词，它之所以常见，不仅仅是因为它是一个在生活中常常要用到的字，更因为它的用法相当的多。因此，同学们在使用that这个单词时，总会出现这样那样的问题，特别是that在从句中的使用,更是令同学们常常模棱两可，分辨不清。但考试中又常出现，让我们和学生都比较头痛。我觉得要解决这个问题，首先要让学生弄清that在所引导的从句中它的词性，然后结合实例分析，这样学生就可一目了然了。具体来说，that可作连词或关系代词。具体的作用如下：
一．that引导主语从句(subject clauses)，在句中充当主语的成分。that在句中无实义，但放在句首时不能省略：
a．that the attempt to save her had succeeded became widely known. b．that they did not tell us about their problems is a pity.
这种结构主要是对that从句的内容进行强调，属正式文体，that the attempt to save her had succeeded和that they did not tell us about their
problems在句中都分别作了主语。但为了避免显得头重脚轻，常把that从句移到句子后面，而把it放在句首，作形式主语，此时that可以省。上面两个句子就可改为:
a. it is widely known (that) the attempt to save her had succeeded b. it is a pity (that) they did not tell us about their problems.
如果整个句子是疑问形式，就只能用先行it结构,例如：
a. is it true that he would take the risk ?
b. is it possible that they will come tomorrow ?
在主语从句中， 常使用先行it结构，用that从句作主语的句子主要有下列几个句型：
(1)、it + be + 形容词 + that从句：
it is necessary that you come to school every sunday.
it’s strange that she should gain the full marks.
(2)、it + be + 名词词组 + that从句：
it’s a great pity that you such a stupid idea that day.
(3)、it + 及物动词 + 宾语 + that从句：
it worried her a bit that she became fatter and fatter.
it shocked me that peter didn’t tell anybody where he was.
(4)、it + be + 过去分词 + that从句：
it is said that he has been there many times.
(5)、：在一些谓语动词为不及物动词（如：appear，happen， seem， turn out等）的句子中，主语从句也后置，而把it放在句首，作形式主语。 it happened that i saw your brother yesterday。
it seems that he has lost something.
注意：在上述第(1)和第(2)两种句型中，that从句前置与使用先行it，that从句后置在意义上没有什么差异；但使用先行it结构较为常见。
二 。 that引导宾语从句(object clauses)，放在动词、介词和一些表示人的感情或情绪的形容词后面，在句中充当宾语的成分，口语中that常省略。这类动
词常为及物动词如say，tell，ask，think，declare，reply，require，etc；形容词如afraid，certain，glad，angry，aware，grateful，anxious，delighted，pleased，satisfied，surprised，sad，etc。
a. she said (that) she would come。
b. do you remember (that) he has ever told us an interesting story? c. i’m sorry (that) i can do nothing for you。
三. that 引导表语从句(predicative clauses)，放在联系动词后，在句中充当表语的成分。此时that也无实义,但不可省。例如：
a. our wishes were that you leave here at once.
b. my suggestion is that a few more people be sent there to help them. 要注意的是，当主语是the reason、the cause时，为了避免含义上的重复，其后的表语从句一般也不再使用because引导，而用that。
a. the trouble is that we are short of money。
b. the reason why he was late is that he missed the early bus。
四． that引导同位语从句(appositive clauses)，放在名词的后面，补充说明名词的内容等。这种名词有 fact，idea， belief， conclusion， confidence，doubt，duty，evidence，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，law，news，notion，opinion， order， proof， proposal，rule，suggestion，theory，thought，truth，view，etc。此时that也无实义，但也不可省。
a. the fact that he failed in the exam made us surprised。
b. we are delighted at the news that our delegate won the first prize in the speech contest。
五．that引导目的状语从句(clauses of purpose)，如so…that， in order that， for fear that等；结果状语从句(clauses of result)，如so(such)…that，(so)that等；条件状语从句(clauses of condition) ，如：provided that， on condition that, supposing that等；原因状语从句(clauses of reason or cause)，如：now that等。
要区别so…that引导的从句到底是表结果的还是表目的的状语从句，一般情况可以看从句中是否有这样一些词： may，might， shall，should，can，could，will，would等情态动词。如果有，该从句可判定为目的状语从句。 a．bring it nearer (so) that i may see it better (clause of purpose)。 b. his behavior was so bad that we all refused to receive him in our homes（clause of result）。
c. now that the weather has improved, we will be able to enjoy the game （clause of reason）。
d. he will lend you the money on condition that you return it in 6 months （clause of condition）。
六．引导名词性从句中的定语从句，而且只能是限定性定语从句。
（1）可指代人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。指物时可换为which,指人时可换为who (作主语，但who更常用)或whom(作宾语,在日常口语中常用that)。作宾语时可省略。
a. the letter that/which came this morning is from my father。 b. here are the books ( that ) i borrowed last week.
c. the woman (whom/that) spoke to me in the bookstore used to live next door.
. 但如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不可以，只能用that。
a. we know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.
b. there are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.
(2) 当先行词是everything ，anything, nothing, somebody, the little, the few, much, all等不定代词时，定语从句由that引导。
a. anyone that wants to succeed must work hard。
b. the book contains a good deal that is boring and unnecessary 。 (3 )当先行词被形容词的最高级，序数词或the only, last, every, some, any, very, next,等修饰时，定语从句由that引导。先行词表人时，也可用who，但更常用that。
a. he was one of the strongest men that we have ever seen。
b. you are the only person that can help me。
c. the first book that he wrote is not very popular。
(4) 可引导强调句型，即it is/was+强调部分+that从句。当强调部分表人时，也可用who，但更常用that.
it’s you that i want to talk to。
从上面可以看出，在同位语从句和定语从句中，that都可放在名词后面。怎样区分一个名词后的从句是定语从句还是宾语从句？我们先来看两个句子： a. i had no idea that you were here。
b. the idea (that) he gave us is very good。
在句子a中，从句that you were here补充说明名词idea的内容，that 作连
篇三：定语从句引导词which和that的区别
1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如： Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。
All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。
There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。
He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。
2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
4．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。
5．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？
6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴
Which引导的定语从句在语法和语用功能有利于区别于that引导的定语从句的鲜明特色。
一、语法要点。
①有宽阔的指代范围。不仅可措代主句中某一先行词___名词（A），还可以指代主句中某些句子成分，如不定式宾补，不定式宾语，动宾结构等（B），甚至整个主句
（C）。后两项功能是that所没有的。
（A）The computer which(=that) I bought yesterday is home made.
（B）Yesterday I asked him to go to the cinema with me, which agreed(昨天我要他同我一道去看电影，他同意了)。
He wishes to get quick rich without any labour, which we think only Wishful thinking (他想不劳而获，迅速致富，我们认为这是想入非非)。
（C）The sun heats the earth，Which is very important to living things(太阳晒热地球，这对于万物是十分重要的)。
②非限定性定语从句中，无论主语还是宾语，关系代词用which不用that;即使which作宾语也不省去。
Football, which is very interesting, is played all over the world.
I never give up learning foreign languages. Which I fink to de a bridged to the world(我从没有放弃过外语学习，因为我发现外语是通向世界的桥梁)。
（比较下一句关系代词作宾语可省去的限定性定语从句。二者在这一点上的区别一目了然：It is the computer (that /which) I bought last week.）
③“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句有一下四点值得注意。
A:当介词前置时，关系代词用which而非that；而且which不省去。
The pencil with he was writing broke.
无The pencil with that he was writing broke;也无The pencil with he was writing broke.
(注：当介词后置于定语从句动词后面，并且从句是定性的，关系代词which, that可互换，能省略。This is the room which/that the great man once worked in.)
B:先行词表示时间，定语从句可用关系副词（when;先行词表示地点，定语从句可用关系副词where:
We’ll never forget the day on which (-when )we visited the Great wall.
They went to the village where(-at which )the oil well was located定位）。
C：此结构再延伸，出现“名词/代词+of/among+关系代词”的格局，名词又有数量意义，如“许多，一些，大部分，20个等”，则整个短语译作“其中许多；其中一些…”：
On the crowded bus were school children, many of whom were from Beijing.
也可以把名词/代词称到关系代词后面，整个短语的功能不变：
He borrowed from the library novels and magazines, among which some are in English.
D:此延伸结构若是“名词+介词of+关系代词”的格局，名词无数量意义，则同于whose+名词： He lives in the house the doors of which face the south,=He lives in the house whose doors face the south.
二、语用功能。
Which定语从句（尤其是非限定性的）主要还是在语用功能上呈现that定语从句所没有的亮点。
①表达主从句因果关系。
A Jew. Albert Einstein had to flee Germany. Which then was ruled by Hitler(爱因斯坦只得逃离德国，因为当时的德国是在希特勒的统治之下)。
NMET’99：Cory Luxmoore arrived from England to deliver the diary of his ancester to the Library Company,____he and his wife considered to be the best home for the diary (Cory Luxmoore（千里迢迢）从英国赶来把祖先的日记交给（费城）图收馆公司，是因为他和妻子认为该图书馆才是此日记最好的归宿处)。
②表达主从句目的关系。
The Southern States set up a separate state of their own, in which they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves(南方各州却反叛建立一个独立王国，以便好继续维持奴隶制度)。
③表达主从句让步关系。
Einstein, who could have been very rich, cared for little money(爱因斯坦原本可以是非常富有的，但他却不爱钱)。
He gave up his cause in which he had been very successful and joined in our project(他的事业尽管干得很出色，他还是放弃了，加入到我们的课题研究中来)。
④表达主句动作产生的结果。
Many trucks and buses are jammed at the crossing, which made it impossible for us to go to work on time(许多车辆都堵在十字路口，造成我们不能准时上班)。
European football is played in 80 countries, which makes it the most Popular sport in the world(欧式足球有30个国家在踢，因之成为全世界最流行的一项体育运动)。
⑤表示主从句条件关系。
The past experience, which is not forgotten, is the guide for the future(前事不忘，可为后事之师)。
⑥表示主从句时间关系。
He was born on October 1,1949, which saw the foundation of the People’s Republic of China(他出身在一九四九年十月一日，恰好是中华人民共和国成立的那一天)。
⑦对主句内容作补充说明。
Inspite of his glorious past, he has fallen into the people’s enemy at last, which is a good lesson for all of us (尽管有着辉煌的过去，他最终还是堕落为人民的敌人，这对我们大家是个很好的教训)。
The sentence was announced on Nov. 8 following trials, which started in Sept.(审判于九月开始。多次审判后，判刑才于十一月八日宣布)。
⑧用于主从句对比关系。
He idled away his youth which he should have spent in leaning(他的青春年华本应用于增长才干，而他却虚度过去了)。
⑨用于表示世界上独一无二的人或事物；或当事人认为是独一无二的事物。
China, which has a 5000_year_old civilization, is now taking a new
Look(已有5千年文明的中国现在正呈现新面貌)。
All the books here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him(这里所有的书都是他写的，里面都有精美的插画)。
（比较：All the books here that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him (这里所有有着漂亮插画书是他写的__这里不仅关系词要换成that，而且还暗示着有虽的书)）。 ⑩表示与主句或先行词的同位关系。
The speed of sound in air at ordinary temperature is about 1,100 feet per second, which is about 700 miles per hour(常温下声在空气中的速度是大约每秒1，100英尺，即大约是小时传播700英里远。)
可以看出，which定语从句不仅涵盖that定语从句的功能__即纯定语功能，而且还有that定语从句所不能表达语用领域___状语用法。因此，只注意which定语从句的语法搭配而忽略其语用意义，就意味着对英语定语从句的认识还没有到位。
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/84532861.html?fr=qrl&cid=187&index=4
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